Unama’ki espi-kina’matno’kuom etek Mi’kma’ki, wla na no’kamanaq aq maqamikewminu mena’q iknmuetuk. Wla maqamikew anquna’toq wla ta’n teluisik “Ankuo’mkewey Wantaqoti aq Witaptultimkewey” ta’n Mi’kmaq aq Wulustukewaq (Maliseet) mimajuinu'k amkwesewey ewi'kmi'tip wla ta'n qame'kewaq aklasie'wk pekisitu'tip 1726-ek. Ankuo'mkewe'l kisna teplu'taqn mu eteknupn iknmuetasik maqamikew aq wla ta'n apoqnmask mimajuaqn nasik mikwaptasikɨp Mi'kmawewey aq Wulustukewey wisunkewey aq kisa'tu'tɨpn ptlutaqn wjɨt wela'matultimkewey.
Cape Breton University (CBU) is located in Mi’kma’ki, the ancestral and unceded territory of the Mi’kmaq nation. This territory is covered by the “Treaties of Peace and Friendship” which Mi’kmaq and Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet) peoples first signed with the British Crown in 1726. The treaties did not deal with surrender of lands and resources but in fact recognized Mi’kmaq and Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet) title and established the rules for what was to be an ongoing relationship between nations.
Cape Breton University (CBU)
est située dans Mi’kma’ki, le
territoire ancestral non cédé de la
nation des Mi’kmaq.
Ce territoire est régi par les
“Traités de paix et d’amitié”
que les peuples
Mi’kmaq et Wolastoqyik
(Maliseet) ont signé
à partir de 1726 avec la Couronne britannique.
Les traités ne portaient pas sur la reddition des
territoires ni des ressources, mais en fait
reconnaissaient le titre des Mi’kmaq et des Wolastoqiyik
(Maliseet) et établissaient les règles de relations futures
entre nations.
Atlantiar Knekk Tepaw is an international event, bringing together ancient cultures for knowledge sharing and celebration of perseverance. The Atlantiar project started as an initiative by Jauzarrea (Basque organization dedicated to the research and preservation of Basque culture) with the launch of a yearly Congress of international scholars, including Mi'kmaw, taking place in Arraiotz and Irun from 2012 to 2015. Now, Unama'ki College at CBU reignites this research by hosting the Atlantiar Congress on this side of the Atlantic, adding more First Nations scholars to the original group.
Atlantiar spans the Atlantic ocean. In Mi'kmaw, ‘Knekk’ means far away and ‘Tepaw’ is very near. Far and near reflecting the distance of the Atlantic ocean spanning from the Basque original home – Euskal Herria – and Mi’kma’ki. Rekindling ancient friendships, oceans apart; far yet near.
Atlantiar Knekk Tepaw est un évènement international, réunissant d’anciennes cultures en vue de partager leur savoir et de célébrer leur persévérance. Le projet Atlantiar a débuté grâce à une initiative de Jauzarrea (organisation Basque qui se dédie à la recherche et la préservation de la culture Basque) avec le lancement d’un congrès annuel de savants internationaux, y compris Mi'kmaw, qui s’est tenu à Arraiotz et à Irun de 2012 à 2015. Maintenant, Unama'ki College à CBU ranime cette recherche en devenant l’hôte du Congrès Atlantiar de ce côté de l’Atlantique, et en rajoutant d’autres universitaires des Premières Nations au groupe original.
Atlantiar couvre l’océan atlantique. En Mi'kmaw, ‘Knekk’ siginifie au loin, et ‘Tepaw’ très proche. Loin et proche – reflétant la distance de l’Atlantique allant du territoire original du peuple Basque – Euskal Herria – jusqu’à Mi’kma’ki. Renouant d’anciennes amitiés , par-delà l’océan; loin et pourtant proche.
CBU President David C. Dingwall.
OPENING OF THE CONGRESS
It is my pleasure to extend
a warm welcome to our visiting
Basque guests, as well as Mi’kmaw Elders, leaders,
community members, and various scholars to
Cape Breton University for what I know will be
two days of thoughtful discussion
and cultural sharing.
The historical ties between CBU
and Atlantic Canada’s Indigenous
communities are an important part
of CBU’s story and an integral
foundation to build upon as we
move forward.
Cape Breton University is pleased to be hosting
Atlantiar Knekk Tepaw: A Basque-Mi’kmaw Cultural
Exchange Symposium. I hope you enjoy your time
with us, and on Cape Breton Island.
Yours very truly,
OUVERTURE DU CONGRÈS
J’ai le plaisir de souhaiter une chaleureuse bienvenue
à nos invités du Pays Basque, ainsi qu’aux Ainés, aux
Chefs et membres du peuple Mi’kmaw et à tous les
éminents académiques convergeant à Cape Breton
University (CBU) pour ce qui va être, je le sais,
deux journées de discussions animées et de partage
culturel.
Les liens historiques entre CBU et les communautés des Premières Nations du Canada atlantique représentent une partie importante de l’historique de CBU et une fondation intégrale sur laquelle nous allons édifier dans notre parcours vers l’avenir.
Cape Breton University se réjouit d’être l’hôte de Atlantiar Knekk Tepaw : A Basque-Mi’kmaw Cultural Exchange Symposium. J’espère que vous passerez de bons moments avec nous, et sur l’île de Cap Breton.
Bien cordialement,
David C. Dingwall
President and Vice-Chancellor. Cape Breton University.
Stephen Augustine.
Kwe Kwe, Pjila’si
The word Pjila’si means: “Come sit beside me and make your impression on the ground.”
I am so honoured to welcome you all to Mi’kma’ki, our ancestral territory, and more precisely here in Unama’ki – “the land of the fog”- also known as Cape Breton. It is very much part of our traditional Mi’kmaw values to welcome people from far away, sharing our shelters, foods and exchanging technologies. We have done that for hundreds of years, as the Basque people visiting during fishing journeys from Euskal Herria – their traditional territory – acknowledge in their oral histories and still carry this legacy of friendship to this day. Some of the scholars making presentations at our conference Atlantiar Knekk-Tepaw will even show that many Mi’kmaw and Euskara words have been incorporated in each other’s respective languages since the beginning of our relations long ago.
This visit and conference will allow us to explore together the foundations of our vibrant and resilient cultures that have survived enormous difficulties in our collective histories. Today we combine the oral traditions and wisdom of our knowledge keepers along with the acquired academic learning to tell the world about us, Mi’kmaq and Basques who are KNEKK-TEPAW (far and near). We will speak about language, history, archaeology, genetics, and much more that inspire academic research today. We are here to learn from each other and move forward together. A warm welcome to the Basque delegation, to our friends from Jauzarrea and from the impressive panel of scholars taking part in this unique event!
Kwe Kwe, Pjila’si
Le mot Pjila’si signifie : “Viens t’asseoir à côté de moi et laisse ton impression sur le sol.”
Je suis très honoré de vous accueillir tous à Mi’kma’ki, notre territoire ancestral, et plus précisément ici à Unama’ki – “la terre des brumes”- aussi connue comme Cap Breton. C’est tout à fait dans nos valeurs traditionnelles Mi’kmaw d’accueillir des gens qui viennent de loin, de partager nos abris, notre nourriture et d’échanger nos technologies. Nous avons fait ça pour des centaines d’années, comme le peuple Basque nous visitant durant leurs longs voyages de pêche depuis Euskal Herria – leur territoire traditionnel – l’a reconnu dans son histoire orale et jusqu’à ce jour ils portent en eux ce témoignage d’amitié. Certains des éminents présentateurs à notre conférence Atlantiar Knekk- Tepaw vont même montrer que plusieurs mots en Mi’kmaw et en Euskara ont été incorporés dans nos langues respectives depuis le début de nos relations d’antan.
Cette visite et la conférence vont nous permettre d’explorer ensemble les fondations de nos cultures dynamiques et résilientes, qui ont survécu à d’énormes difficultés dans nos histoires communes. Aujourd’hui nous combinons les traditions orales et la sagesse de nos gardiens du savoir avec l’acquisition de connaissances académiques pour nous faire connaitre dans le monde, Mi’kmaq et Basques, nous sommes KNEKK-TEPAW (loin et proches). On parlera de langues, d’histoire, d’archéologie, de génétique, et bien d’autres sujets qui inspirent la recherche académique de nos jours. Nous sommes ici pour apprendre les uns des autres et aller de l’avant ensemble. Une chaleureuse bienvenue à la délégation Basque, à nos amis de Jauzarrea et du panel extraordinaire de savants qui participent à cet évènement hors pair!
Stephen Augustine
Cape Breton University Associate Vice President Indigenous Affairs and Unama'ki College. Hereditary Chief on the Mi'kmaq Grand Council.
Xabi Otero. Photo © Dani Blanco.
ATLANTIAR KNEKK TEPAW
You welcome us with love, as you did 500 years ago with our ancestors, when they came for whales, cod fish and fur trade. We thank you for this welcome, and at the same time we transmit you our invitation to receive you in our homeland, in Euskal Herria, in an event similar to this one. Today more than ever, immersed in the cultural globalization of the planet, we need to maintain and improve the perception of our identities, so in order to contribute – to the other peoples of the world – with the richness of our diversity. For this we have an admirable group of researchers committed to the search of our origins, those of all beings of this planet. Because there, is the key to improve, through knolwedge and understanding. To all of them our greatest recognition for their work, seeking to make a better world.
Jauzarrea has a management model designed to spread culture in society, optimizing its perception, particularly in aspects directly involved in social relations, with intercultural connections and multicultural ones by combining fields of tangible and intangible heritage that drive forward the study and dissemination of Basque culture, by promoting its interrelation with that of other Indigenous Peoples.The Jauzarrea project is supported by more than 200 researchers of 74 universities, museums and institutions of 30 nations. They are the ones who make it possible to share all this knowledge through our events, enriching us with their research. We hope to increase it and spread it more widely, not only in universities but also in communities.
Atlantiar is designed to serve all the world.
ATLANTIAR KNEKK TEPAW
Vous nous recevez les bras ouverts, comme vous le faisiez il y a 500 ans avec nos ancêtres, quand ils venaient sur vos côtes pour les baleines, la morue et la traite des fourrures. Nous vous remercions de cet accueil, et par la même occasion nous vous invitons à venir nous voir dans notre territoire, Euskal Herria, où nous serions heureux de vous recevoir dans un évènement comme celui-ci. Aujourd’hui plus que jamais, plongés dans la globalisation culturelle de la planète, nous devons préserver et rehausser la perception de nos identités, afin de partager la richesse de notre diversité avec les autres peuples du monde. Pour cela nous avons un admirable groupe de chercheurs engagés à la recherche de nos origines, celles de tous les êtres de notre planète. Parce que là réside la clé de nous améliorer, par le savoir et la compréhension. Nous leur sommes à tous extrêmement reconnaissants pour leur travail, essayant de créer un monde meilleur.
Jauzarrea élabore un modèle de gestion qui diffuse la culture dans la société, en optimisant sa perception, particulièrement en ce qui concerne les relations sociales, avec des connexions interculturelles et multiculturelles, combinant des domaines du patrimoine matériel et immatériel promouvant l'étude et la diffusion de la culture Basque et son interrelation avec d'autres peuples indigènes. Le projet Jauzarrea bénéficie du soutien de plus de 200 chercheurs de 74 universités, musées et institutions de 30 nations. C’est grâce à eux qu’on peut de diffuser toutes ces connaissances à travers nos événements, en nous enrichissant de leurs recherches. On a espoir de pouvoir les augmenter et de les diffuser davantage, non seulement dans le milieu universitaire mais aussi dans les communautés. Atlantiar a été conçu pour servir le monde entier.
Xabi Otero
Director of Jauzarrea funds for the study and dissemination of Basque culture.
Directeur de Jauzarrea, fonds pour l’étude et la diffusion de la culture Basque.
Stephen Augustine.
Cape Breton University Associate Vice President
Indigenous Affairs and Unama’ki College.
Hereditary Chief on the Mi’kmaq Grand Council.
Opening ceremony.
David C. Dingwall
President and Vice-Chancellor.
Cape Breton University.
Welcoming address.
Idoia Arana-Beobide.
Jauzarrea.
The bridge between the culture of the Basques
and that of the First Nations.
Xabi Otero.
Jauzarrea.
From Euskal Herria (Basque Country) to the
world, connecting the Peoples.
19th century Mi’kmaq camp. National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa.
University of Toronto.
Earth Sciences, Physics Atmospherics.
Professor of Physics. Director of the Centre for
Global Change Science.
PI of the Polar Climate Stability Network.
Scientific Director of SciNet.
University of Toronto. Ontario. Canada.
The North Atlantic Ocean under glacial conditions: the
Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillation and the Heinrich event instability.
Relevant field of study: multidisciplinary
reconstruction of prehistoric migrations.
Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology.
University of Oxford. United Kingdom.
Resolving archaeo-genetic models of the
Pleistocene entry of people into America
south of the ice sheets.
United States Geological
Survey/Geological Survey
of Canada/Mexican Consejo
de Recursos de Minerales.
Directrice de l'Espace culturel Isturitz Oxocelhaya.
Rencontres Arts et Sciences. I.S.C.A. Chairman of International Commission on Prehistory in Show Caves.
ICE AGE EUROPE. IFRAO International Federation Rock Art Organisations.
Sites & Musées en Pays Basque - Président.
SARL Grottes d’Isturitz & Oxocelhaya. Navarre. Basque Country.
Isturitz, settlement of modern humans in the heart of the Basque Refugia,
from 43,000 years ago.
Semicircular bone canes decorated with engraved spirals. Isturitz.
Photo © RMN-Grand Palais (musée d'Archéologie nationale) Paris.
From Peter Bakker. Illustrative image for an example of some Stable grammatical
features in Basque and the languages of the World. Design © Jauzarrea.
Linguist. Institute for Communication and Culture.
Aarhus Universitet. Denmark.
Stable grammatical features and the origin of Basque.
Parsons Island. Chesapeake Bay. Maryland. USA.
Photo © Xabi Otero.
Anthropologist. Archaeologist.
Curator of North American Archaeology in the Department
of Anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.
Director of the Smithsonian’s Paleoindian/Paleoecology Program.
Smithsonian Institution. Washington. USA.
Early Human Occupation in the Western Hemisphere: Views from the Chesapeake Bay Region.
Biface
Parsons Island.
Smithsonian
Institution.
Photo ©
Xabi
Otero.
Anthropologist. Archaeologist. Research Associate in the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of
Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Paleo-Indian interdisciplinary field investigations.
Smithsonian Institution. Washington. USA.
As the Chesapeake Bay Was Forming: Possible
Indications of the Manufacture/Maintenance of
Birch Bark Canoes by Clovis People.
On the left, down.
Parsons Island.
Chesapeake Bay.
Maryland. USA.
Clovis points.
Smithsonian Institution.
Photos © Xabi Otero.
Mi’kmaw hunting, with canoe.
Library and Archives Canada.
Mi'kmaw birch bark canoe. Baie des Chaleurs, Québec.
1870-1885 ca. McCord Museum of Canadian History, Montréal.
Basque Refugia,
after graphic
info from
Bruce Bradley.
Design ©
Jauzarrea.
Archaeologist. Emeritus Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, United Kingdom. Research Associate, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Adjunct Professor, Augustana University, Sioux Falls. Adjunct Faculty, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, India.
University of Exeter. United Kingdom.
People from the Basque Refugia in North America.
Photographer. Graphic Designer.
Director of JAUZARREA. Coordinator ATLANTIAR network project
with international researchers.
Jauzarrea fund for the study and dissemination of Basque culture.
Arraiotz. Baztan Valley. Nafarroa. Euskal Herria (Basque Country).
Gaul-eko (Texas) harri grabatuen interpretazioa.
Proposal for the interpretation of the engraved stones
of Gault, Texas.
Cinmar
knife.
22,760+ 90
RCYBP
Photo ©
Xabi
Otero.
Gault’s stones.
Smithsonian Institution.
Photo © Xabi Otero.
Anthropologist. Archaeologist.
Founder and Senior Associate of
Archaeological Services Inc.
Specialist in Great Lakes Indigenous
history and archaeology.
Archaeological Services Inc.,
Toronto. Ontario. Canada.
with the collaboration of
Dr. Louis Lesage.
Biologist.
Huron-Wendat Nation.
Directeur du Bureau Nionwentsïo.
Nation Huronne-Wendat. Wendake,
Québec. Canada.
Wendat and the St. Lawrence Valley:
New Understandings of Travel, Trade
and Homeland.
The St Lawrence basin:
Early Iroquoian territory,
the territory of the Iroquois League
and the Huronia,
of the Huron-Wendat Confederacy.
Design © Jauzarrea.
Huronia territory. Photo © Xabi Otero.
Geneticist.
Senior Lecturer in Molecular Biology.
University of Huddersfield. United Kingdom.
An overview of the genetic evidence for the origins
of the Indigenous Peoples of America.
Ethno-historian, specialist in oral history.
Associate Vice-President Indigenous Affairs and Unama'ki College
at Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Hereditary Chief on the Mi’kmaq Grand Council.
Elder advisor to the Canadian Human Rights Commission,
the Federal Court of Canada, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission,
Library and Archives Canada and National Gallery of Canada.
Cape Breton University. Sydney. Nova Scotia. Canada.
Loss of Culture and Traditions through Colonization:
Reconnecting with ancient Alliances towards Recovery.
Porcupine quill box Mi’kmaw basket.
Lunenburg County, Nova Scotia.
Jauzarrean bilduma.
Photo © Xabi Otero.
Professor of Mi'kmaq Studies. Director of Kji-kepten Alexander Denny
L’nui’sultimkeweyo’kuom (KADL) (Mi’kmaq Language Lab of the Unama’ki
College at Cape Breton University).
Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia. Canada.
“Atoms of a Language’s Meaning”: Semantic Primes in Euskara and Mi'kmaq.
Nitaskinan Atikamekw territory. Photo © Xabi Otero.
Algonquin birch bark canoe model.
Jauzarrean bilduma. Photo © Xabi Otero.
Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet). Wolastoq First Nation.
Composer and Vocalist. Research rooted in musical ethnography
of his Wolastoqey nation and its traditional and contemporary
musical practice. Dutcher is also a language speaker and
advocate of the Wolastoqey language. His debut
album, Wolastoqiyi Lintuwakonawa, was
nominated for the Polaris Music
Prize in 2018.
Wolastoqiyik Lintuwakonawa.
Innu hunter moose calling.
Innu hunters encampment with birch bark wigwams and canoe.
Mi’kmaw birch bark moose caller.
Cape Breton Island. Jauzarrean bilduma.
Photo © Xabi Otero.
Relevant field of study: multidisciplinary
reconstruction of prehistoric migrations.
Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology.
University of Oxford. United Kingdom.
The repopulation of the European Atlantic Façade
from the Basque Refugia after
the Last Glacial Maximum.
Migrations from
the Basque Refugia
along the littoral of
the European Atlantic
Façade, as inferred
from genetics.
According
to Stephen
Oppenheimer.
Anthropologist.
School of Anthropology and Social Sciences.
University of East London. United Kingdom.
A case study of the Magdalenian cave Praileaitz I
in the Basque country as a transformational
template for initiatory rituals.
Integrating archaeology and archaeoastronomy in
the Basque country with the Basque myths of Herensuge
– the Dark Moon goddess and her serpent/dragon consort.
In the Praileaitz I cave
(15.000 BP) remained
29 pendants, 14 of them
from same large necklace.
Drawing © Xabi Otero.
Middle Ages representations of Herensuge,
the Serpent and the Dragon.
Linguist.
University Ludwig-Maximilian. Munich.
The Vasconic substrate in Central Europe:
New place-name evidence.
Numerous toponyms of Central Europe have no
native etymologies, i.e. cannot be explained within
German or Germanic or even within Indo-European.
For some of them, interpretations can be found in
Basque. Every one of these provides support for the
Vasconic Theory, which says that the Basque-speaking
territory extended to Central Europe in prehistoric times.
Linguist.
Specialist in multidisciplinary Celtic studies.
University of Wales Centre for Advanced
Welsh and Celtic Studies.
National Library of Wales.
Aberystwyth. Ceredigion. Wales.
The origins of the Basques
and Celts in Atlantic
Europe in the light
of new discoveries.
Map from different authors.
Design © Jauzarrea.
Model boat in gold dating from the first
century BC. National Museum of Ireland.
Depicts a leather-skin boat. It matches the
descriptions of the boats in the area given by
various ancient chroniclers. Photo © Werner Forman
Archive. Photographers Direct. Barbara Heller.
Historian.
Curator of the Royal and General Archives of Navarre.
Royal and General Archives of Navarre /
Nafarroako Errege Artxibo Nagusia.
Irunea. Navarre. Basque Country.
Euskara azken 2000 urtean,
Nafarroako Errege Artxiboan
jasotako agirien bidez.
The Basque language in the
last 2,000 years, through
documents at the Royal
Archives of Navarre.
Seal of
Jeanne II,
Queen of
Navarre.
1329.
Nafarroako
Errege
Artxibo Nagusia.
Photo © Xabi Otero.
Basque text in a
stone stela, 1st century AD.
Nafarroako Museoa.
Photo © Xabi
Otero.
Basque text from 1416.
Nafarroako Errege Artxibo Nagusia.
Photo ©. Nafarroako Errege Artxibo Nagusia.
Anthropologist.
Kanien:keha’ka (Mohawk). Kahnawà:ke.
Assistant Professor. School of Indigenous
and Canadian Studies.
Co-Director, Centre for
Indigenous Research,
Language and
Education (CIRCLE).
Carleton
University, Ottawa. Canada.
From Me to Sky Woman:
Performing an
Indigenous theory.
Haudenosaunee
basket for storage.
Montreal area. 1864.
Jauzarrean bilduma.
Photo © Xabi Otero.
Wendake interpretation village.
Huron-Wendat Nation. The
palisade and the long houses.
© Photo Xabi Otero.
Museologist. Interdisciplinary
Studies (Medieval and Religion).
Zumaia, Gipuzkoa, Basque Country.
Managing Director at Douglas Cardinal Architect, Inc.
Founding Director INTERC (International Network
for Training, Education and Research on Culture).
Carleton University, Ottawa. Canada.
Eme adiera Euskaldun eta
Haudenosaunee ikusinismenean.
The concepts of Immanence and the
Divine Feminine in Basque and
Haudenosaunee belief systems.
Basque woman
from the Erronkari
Valley, Navarre,
in full dress.
Circa 1630.
Jauzarrean.
Photo
© Xabi
Otero.
Wabanaki hat. Canadian Museum
of History. Photo © Xabi Otero.
Cod fisherman
with his gear from
17th century in the
cod fisheries of
Newfoundland
and Labrador.
De Fer
1689.
for Communication and Culture.
Aarhus Universitet. Danmark.
The Basque-Algonquian pidgin in the
St. Lawrence Bassin in the 16th century.
Humpback whale in the Strait of Belle-Isle. Photo © Xabi Otero.
The hunting of the whale by the Basques. “Cosmographie Universelle”. Paris 1574.
Historian. Anthropologist. Archaeologist.
Département d’anthropologie Archéologie
historique et maritime concernent la période
moderne en Europe et dans le Nord-est américain.
École de fouilles archéologiques dans le Vieux-Montréal.
Groupe de recherche en dendrochronologie historique.
Université de Montréal. Montréal. Canada.
Basques and Indigenous Peoples
around the Gulf of St. Lawrence.
Shipbuilding scene in
the Bibles of Irunea, of
Antso Azkarra (Sancho
The Strong, king of Navarre.
1194. (Harburg-Oettinghen
Manuscript).
The San Juan,
from Pasaia,
which sank in
Red Bay, Labrador
in 1565. She was a
medium-size whaling
ship, in the Basque
Country.
with a capacity
of 200 tonnes,
Photo ©
Parks
Canada
Historian.
Archaeologist.
Former Director of
the Underwater
Archaeology
Unit, Parks
Canada.
UNESCO 2001
Commission.
Parks Canada.
Ottawa. Canada.
About the
Maritime Genius
of the Basques.
Eubalaena glacialis. Right whale,
Basque whale or Biscayan
right whale. Design ©
Xabi Otero.
Pertza as called in Basque for this copper
cauldron, also used as a trade object
with the First Nations.
Jauzarrean bilduma.
Photo © Xabi Otero.
Anthropologist. Historian.
Department of Anthropology. CELAT.
Director of the Institute of Francophony
in America. Titular of the Canada Research
Chair in Ethnological Heritage.
Director of LEEM, Laboratory of
Ethnological and Multimedia Survey.
Université Laval. Québec. Canada.
Basques and First Nations in the Gulf and the
St. Lawrence estuary in the 16th century;
and beginning of the fur trade in
North America.
Beaver.
Basque axe from Bizkaia, known as
Biscayne or Biscayenne. Used by Basques for
the fur trade. Photo © Xabi Otero.
Mi’kmaw birch bark canoe model.
Jauzarrean bilduma. Photo © Xabi Otero.
Linguist.
Vice-President of Euskaltzaindia, The Academy of the Basque
Language. Researcher IKER RUMR 5478. Technical director
linguistic Atlas of the Basque Country CNRS: 2010, Euskal
Hizkeren Atlas Linguistikoa.
Université de Pau Bayonne et des Pays de l’Adour.
Lapurdi. Euskal Herria (Basque Country).
Le Dauphin itsasontsiaren euskarazko gutuneria (Baiona, 1757).
XVIII.mendean,Louisbourg aldean egoiliar asko euskaldunak ziren.
The correspondence in Basque language of Le Dauphin vessel
Bayonne-Louisbourg 1757.
Presence of high percentage of Basque speakers at Louisbourg
in the 18th century.
Pedarra, Basque pottery to carry water.
Baiona (Bayonne), Euskal Herria (Basque
Country). Jauzarrean bilduma.
Photo © Xabi Otero.
The Fortress of Louisbourg National Historic Site. Parks Canada. Cape Breton, Nova Scotia. Canada. Photo © Xabi Otero.
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Atlantic fisheries.
Photo ©
Xabi Otero.
Policy Analyst. (Huron-Wendat).
Assembly of First Nations of Québec
and Labrador. Wendake. Québec. Canada.
Capacity and willingness of the Québec-Labrador First Nations
to develop and maintain formal relations with other peoples.
Coureur des bois
dressed as a Mohawk, North-East Canada. Ca 1840. Jauzarrean bilduma.
Photo © Xabi Otero.
Architect. Anishinaabe Siksikaitsitapi (Blackfoot).
President - Douglas Cardinal Architect, Inc.
Ottawa. Canada. Order of Canada, Ph.D. (h.c.).
Douglas Cardinal Architect, Inc.
Indigenous community planning:
Elsipogtog Mi’kmaw project in New Brunswick.
Anthropologist. Specialist in circumpolar archaeology.
Curator of Archaeology. Director, Arctic Studies Center.
Department of Anthropology.
National Museum of natural History.
Smithsonian Institution. Washington.
Basques, Inuit, and Innu: Archaeological Evidence
from the Quebec Lower North Shore.
Irune Loiarte.
Agurra Basque dance.
Mi’kmaw
woman’s hat
at the Fortress
of Louisbourg
National
Historic Site.
Parks Canada.
Photo © Xabi
Otero.
Ojibwa canoe with lauburus in bow and stern. Paul Kane. 1845.
ROM, Royal Ontario Museum. Toronto.
MI’KMA’KI: the 7 districts of the Mi’kmaq Grand Council.
KESPE’K - “Where the water grows wide” “Gaspesie” (Gulf of St Lawrence starts there).
SIKNIKTUK - “Shaped like a sock” (like leggings made in shape of a moose leg).
EPEKWITK - “Lying on the water” (“ABEGWEIT” = Prince Edward Island). AQ (=and)
PIKTUK - “Flatulence from the ground” ! (coal and liquid bitumen underground releasing explosive gases).
KESPUKWITK - “Tail of the land” (southern end part of today’s Nova Scotia).
SIPEKNE’KATIK - “Land of the turnips” (Sukepen/Sipekn, turnip, one of the 1st edible roots to grow after glaciation).
ESKIKEWA’KIK - “Skin dressing place” (where people cleaned animal skins like Walrus).
UNAMA’KIK - “Land of the fog” / also “Head of the land” (Cape Breton). AQ (=and)
KTAQMKUK - “Across the waters” - (Newfoundland).
Mâli Christianne
Paul Mollise (anglicized to
Christy Ann Morris, also mentioned as Christine Morris), in an anonymous pastel, about 1860.
She was well known by her quillworks
in Nova Scotia. New Brunswick Museum, St Jhon.
The Mi’kmaq flag.
EUSKAL HERRIA: “The land of the Basques”.
The Basque Country today is a tiny territory (20,664 square kilometers), compared to long time ago, but enough to maintain the survival of the Basque language, Euskara; the experts linguists explain that has been spoken in Western Europe for more than 35,000 years.
Today the Basque homeland has a population of 3 million inhabitants. And there are estimated to be more than ten million Basques in the Diaspora around the world, and many of them continue to speak our language and live our culture.
170 Euskal Etxea (Basque centres) represent Basque language and culture in 26 different countries around the world like: Uruguay, Argentina, Chile, Australia, Philippines, United States (with a strong presence in California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon and Florida) and Canada (there are 40 Euskal Etxea – Basque Centres – in North America), Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon (South of Newfoundland), France, Cuba, Spain, Venezuela and Mexico.
The Basque flag.
ZAZPIAK BAT
(Seven in one)
The coat of arms
of Euskal Herria.
Displaying the 7 historic territories: Araba, Bizkaia, Gipuzkoa, Lapurdi, Navarre (Upper and Lower Navarre), and Zuberoa.
SPEAKERS AT THE CONGRESS
Dr. W. Richard Peltier.
Earth Sciences, Physics Atmospherics. Professor of Physics. Director of the Centre for Global Change Science. PI of the Polar Climate Stability Network. Scientific Director of SciNet. University of Toronto. Ontario. Canada.
Dr. Stephen Oppenheimer.
Relevant field of study: multidisciplinary reconstruction of prehistoric migrations. Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology. University of Oxford. United Kingdom.
Joëlle Darricau.
Directrice de l'Espace culturel Isturitz Oxocelhaya. I.S.C.A. Chair- man of International Commission on Prehistory in Show Caves. ICE AGE EUROPE. IFRAO International Federation for Rock Art Organisations. Paths of Prehistoric Rock Art. Les Chemins de l'Art Aurignacien. A.N.E.C.A.T. Vice présidente. Sites & Musées en Pays Basque. Grottes d’Isturitz & Oxocelhaya. Navarre. Basque Country.
Dr. Peter Bakker.
Linguist. Institute for Communication and Culture. Aarhus Universitet. Denmark.
Dr. Dennis Stanford.
Anthropologist. Archaeologist. Curator of North American Archaeology in the Department of Anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History. Director of the Smithsonian’s Paleoindian/Paleoecology Program. Smithsonian Institution. Washington. USA.
Dr. Margaret Jodry.
Anthropologist. Archaeologist. Research Associate in the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History. Paleo-Indian interdisciplinary field investigations. Smithsonian Institution. Washington. USA.
Dr. Bruce Bradley.
Archaeologist. Emeritus Professor, Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, United Kingdom. Research Associate, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Adjunct Professor, Augustana University, Sioux Falls. Adjunct Faculty, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore, India. University of Exeter. United Kingdom.
Xabi Otero.
Photographer. Graphic Designer. Researcher. Director of the JAUZARREA fund for the study and dissemination of Basque culture. Coordinator ATLANTIAR network project of international researchers. Jauzarrea Centre for Basque Studies. Arraiotz. Nafarroa. Basque Country.
Dr. Ron F. Williamson.
Anthropologist. Archaeologist. Founder Senior Associate of Archaeological Services Inc. Specialist in Great Lakes Indigenous history and archaeology. Archaeological Services Inc. Toronto. Ontario. Canada. In collaboration with
Dr. Louis Lesage.
Biologist. Directeur du Bureau Nionwentsïo. La Nation Huronne-Wendat. Wendake, Québec.
Dr. Maria Pala.
Geneticist. Senior Lecturer in Molecular Biology. University of Huddersfield. United Kingdom.
Stephen Augustine.
Ethno-historian, specialist in oral history. Associate Vice-President Indigenous Affairs and Unama'ki College at Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada. Hereditary Chief on the Mi’kmaq Grand Council. Elder advisor to the Canadian Human Rights Commission, the Federal Court of Canada, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Library and Archives Canada, National Gallery of Canada and Reconciliation Canada.
Dr. Stephanie Inglis.
Linguist. Professor of Mi'kmaq Studies. Director of Kji-kepten Alexander Denny L’nui’sultimkeweyo’kuom (KADL) (Mi’kmaq Language Lab of the Unama’ki College of Cape Breton University) Cape Breton University, Sydney, Nova Scotia. Canada.
Jeremy Dutcher.
Wolastoqiyik (Maliseet). Wolastoq First Nation. Composer and Vocalist. Research rooted in musical ethnography of his Wolastoqey nation and its traditional and contemporary musical practice. Dutcher is also a language speaker and advocate of the Wolastoqey language.
Dr. Lionel Sims.
Anthropologist. School of Anthropology and Social Sciences. University of East London. United Kingdom.
Dr. Theo Vennemann.
Linguist. University Ludwig-Maximilian. Munich. Germany.
Dr. John T. Koch.
Linguist and specialist in multidisciplinary Celtic studies. University of Wales. Centre for Advanced Welsh and Celtic Studies. National Library of Wales. Aberystwyth. Ceredigion. Wales.
Dr. Peio Monteano Sorbet.
Historian. Curator of the Royal and General Archives of Navarre / Nafarroako Errege Artxibo Nagusia. Irunea. Navarre. Basque Country.
Dr. Kahente Horn-Miller.
Kanien:keha’ka (Mohawk). Kahnawà:ke. Assistant Professor. School of Indigenous and Canadian Studies. Co-Director, Centre for Indigenous Research, Language and Education (CIRCLE). Carleton University. Ottawa. Ontario. Canada.
Idoia Arana-Beobide.
Museologist. Interdisciplinary Studies (Medieval and Religion). Zumaia, Basque Country. Managing Director at Douglas Cardinal Architect, Inc. Founding Director INTERC (International Network for Training, Education and Research on Culture). Carleton University. Ottawa. Ontario. Canada.
Dr. Brad Loewen.
Historian. Anthropologist. Archaeologist. Département d’anthropologie Archéologie historique et maritime concernent la période moderne en Europe et dans le Nord-est américain. École de fouilles archéologiques dans le Vieux-Montréal. Groupe de recherche en dendrochronologie historique. Université de Montreal. Québec.
Dr. Robert Grenier.
Historian. Archaeologist. Former Director of the Underwater Archaeology Unit, Parks Canada. UNESCO 2001 Commission. Parks Canada. Ottawa. Ontario. Canada.
Dr. Laurier Turgeon.
Anthropologist. Historian. Department of Anthropology CELAT. Director of the Institute of Francophony in America.Titularof ChairResearch of Canada in ethnological patrimony. Director of LEEM, Laboratory of Ethnological and Multimedia Survey. Université Laval. Québec.
Dr. Xarles Videgain.
Linguist. Professor at the University of Pau. Vice-President of Euskaltzaindia (The Academy of the Basque Language). Researcher IKER UMR 5478. Technical director linguistic Atlas of the Basque Country CNRS: 2010, Euskal Hizkeren Atlas Linguistikoa. Université de Pau Bayonne et des Pays de l’Adour. Lapurdi. Basque Country.
Claude Picard.
Policy Analist. (Huron-Wendat). Assemblée des Premières Nations du Québec et du Labrador (APNQL).
Douglas Cardinal.
Architect. Anishinaabe Siksikaitsitapi (Blackfoot). President - Douglas Cardinal Architect, Inc. Ottawa. Canada. Order of Canada, Ph.D. (h.c.). Douglas Cardinal Architect, Inc.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZING COMMITTEE ATLANTIAR KNEKK TEPAW
Stephen Augustine. Cape Breton University Associate Vice President Indigenous Affairs and Unama’ki College.
Xabi Otero. Director of Jauzarrea, fund for study and dissemination of Basque culture.Coordinator ATLANTIAR network project with international researchers. Basque Country.
Dr. Stephen Oppenheimer. Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology. University of Oxford. England.
Dr. W. Richard Peltier. Director of the Centre for Global Change Science. PI of the Polar Climate Stability Network. Scientific Director of SciNet. University of Toronto. Ontario. Canada.
Dr. Peter Bakker. University of Aarhus. Denmark.
Dr. Dennis Stanford. Curator of North American Archaeology in the Department of Anthropology
at the National Museum of Natural History. Smithsonian Institution. Washington.
CAPE BRETON UNIVERSITY
Stephen Augustine. Cape Breton University Associate Vice President Indigenous Affairs and Unama'ki College
Arlette Sinquin. Public relations, editing and translation. Alyce MacLean. Special Projects Manager.
Rory Andrews. Event coordinator.
Celia O'Shea. Event communications.
JAUZARREA FUND
Xabi Otero. Development of the Project Atlantiar and the event Knekk Tepaw, Head of the Jauzarrea Advisory Board Committee for the event.
Jauzarrea Advisory Board Committee for the event.
Dr. Theo Vennemann. University Ludwig-Maximilian. Munich. Germany.
Dr. Margaret Jodry. Research Associate in the Department of Anthropology, National Museum of
Natural History, Smithsonian Institution.
Dr. Bruce Bradley, University of Exeter, United Kingdom. Augustana University, Sioux Falls. USA.
Dr. Xarles Videgain, Vice-President of Euskaltzaindia, The Academy of the Basque Language.
Université de Pau Bayonne et des Pays de l’Adour. Lapurdi. Basque Country.
Mirari Loiarte. Support assistant Jauzarrea team.
Mirari Loiarte and Irune Loiarte. Photography and recording event and conferences.
Idoia Noble, Diana Draper, Mariela Barquero and Idoia Gillenea: Translators. Simultaneous Interpretations.
Xabi Otero. Design and coordination for the editing of publication and event ATLANTIAR KNEKK TEPAW.
© Published by Cape Breton University - Unama’ki College. 2018.
© Photographs and illustrations: Xabi Otero, and the authors.
ESKASONI ORGANIZING COMMITTEE:
For their generous collaboration in organizing the Cultural
Exchange Day in Eskasoni First Nation on September 26, 2018:
Gibbett Stevens, Principal coordinator
Alyssia Jeddore
Laura Prosper
Maxine Stevens
Conference’s Technical Production by NovaStream.
Thanks to Maite Itoiz and John Kelly for their performance.